Laser-induced excitation mechanisms and phase transitions in spectrochemical analysis – Review of the fundamentals

Nowadays, lasers are commonly applied in spectrochemical analysis methods, for sampling, plasma formation or a combination of both. Despite the numerous investigations that have been performed on these applications, underlying processes still insufficiently understood. In order to fasten progress field and honor lifework professor Rick Russo, we here provide brief overview fundamental mechanisms laser-matter interaction as proposed literature, throw spotlight some aspects not received much attention yet. For an organized discussion, choose laser ablation, desorption associated gaseous central this perspective article, based classification laser-based techniques corresponding regimes. First, put looking glass over excitation thermalization laser-irradiated condensed phase, which propose so-called multi-plasma model. This novel model can be understood extension well-known two-temperature model, featuring multiple thermodynamic dimensions, each corresponds quasi-particle type. Next, focus is placed mass transfer ionization mechanisms, after shortly highlight possible role anisotropic magnetic effects laser-excited material. We hope article motivates more research interaction, continuation Russo.